Mbiri ya glyphosate

1. Kupeza:
   • Glyphosate idapangidwa koyamba ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala John E. Franz ku 1970 ku Monsanto, yomwe tsopano ili gawo la Bayer.
   • Zinapezeka mwachidwi pamene Franz anali kufufuza mankhwala atsopano okhala ndi phosphorous.
2. Chiyambi cha Market:
   • Monsanto idayambitsa glyphosate pamsika m'zaka za m'ma 1970 pansi pa dzina la Roundup.
   • Poyamba Roundup idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera udzu pazaulimi komanso osati zaulimi.
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3. Patent ndi Monsanto's Monopoly:
   • Monsanto adapeza chilolezo cha US cha glyphosate ku 1974, kupatsa kampaniyo kukhala ndi mphamvu pakupanga kwake mpaka 2000.
   • Kutha kwa nthawi ya patent kunapangitsa kuti pakhale mankhwala opangira udzu opangidwa ndi glyphosate.
4. Kukula kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito:
   • Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake, glyphosate idakhala imodzi mwamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
   • Kutchuka kwake kunalimbikitsidwa ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mbewu zosinthidwa ma genetic (GM), monga soya ya Roundup Ready, yomwe imalimbana ndi glyphosate.
5. Zotsutsana ndi Zokhudza Zaumoyo:
   • M'zaka zaposachedwa, glyphosate yakumana ndi mikangano yokhudzana ndi zomwe zingawononge thanzi lake komanso chilengedwe.
   • Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti pali kulumikizana komwe kungakhalepo pakati pa kuwonekera kwa glyphosate ndi nkhani zaumoyo, zomwe zimadzetsa mikangano ndi zovuta zamalamulo.
6. Kuwunika kwa World Health Organisation:
   • Mu 2015, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), gawo la World Health Organisation (WHO), idayika glyphosate ngati "mwina carcinogenic kwa anthu."
   • Gululi lidayambitsa kukambirana kwina ndikuwunikanso malamulo.
7. Nkhondo Zalamulo ndi Kukhazikika:
   • Monsanto adakumana ndi milandu yambiri yoti kukhudzana ndi Roundup kudayambitsa khansa, makamaka omwe si a Hodgkin lymphoma.
   • Bayer, yomwe idapeza Monsanto mu 2018, yakumana ndi zovuta zamalamulo komanso kukhazikika kokhudzana ndi izi.
8. Mayankho Owongolera:
   • Mabungwe olamulira m'maiko osiyanasiyana adawunikiranso zachitetezo cha glyphosate.
   • European Union idavomerezanso kugwiritsa ntchito glyphosate mu 2017, koma ndi zoletsa zina.
9. Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito Paulimi:
   • Ngakhale kuti pali mikangano, glyphosate ikupitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paulimi, makamaka pofuna kuthetsa udzu mu mbewu za GM.
10. Kafukufuku ndi Zotukuka Zopitilira:
    • Kafukufuku wopitilira cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa bwino kuopsa ndi ubwino wa glyphosate.
    • Njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito glyphosate zikufufuzidwa ngati njira imodzi yothetsera mavuto a chilengedwe ndi thanzi.

Mbiri ya Glyphosate ikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu paulimi komanso mikangano yokhudzana ndi chitetezo chake.Kafukufuku wopitilira ndi machitidwe owongolera akupitiliza kukonza gawo lake muzaulimi zamakono.